Lumbar Puncture
Lumbar Puncture(Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis; Cerebrospinal Fluid Tap; Spinal Tap)
by
Cynthia M. Johnson, MA DefinitionA lumbar puncture is a test of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around your spine and brain. This fluid provides protection and nutrition to the brain and nerve cells. It also helps remove waste products from the brain.
Reasons for ProcedureThe test is done to look for anything that is not normal with a person's CSF. It may be done to help diagnose health problems, such as:
It may also be done treat health problems. It can be used to:
Possible ComplicationsProblems are rare, but all procedures have some risk. The doctor will go over some problems that could happen, such as:
What to ExpectPrior to ProcedureA lumbar puncture may be done on short notice. In this case, there are no preparation steps. If it is planned, before the procedure:
AnesthesiaLocal anesthesia will be used most often. It will numb the area where the needle is inserted. Description of ProcedureYou will likely lie on your side with your knees drawn up in front. Some punctures may be done while you sit on the edge of the bed. The site will be cleaned. A needle will be inserted through the lower back and into the spinal canal. A sample of CSF will be taken through the needle. The doctor will note the pressure of the CSF. Medicines or dyes may also be injected as part of treatment and diagnosis. The needle will be removed. A bandage will be placed over the site. Immediately After ProcedureYou will lie down for 10 to 60 minutes. You will often be able to go home after the procedure. If you have a severe headache or need immediate treatment, you may need to stay longer. How Long Will It Take?About 30 to 45 minutes from setup to completion Will It Hurt?The anesthesia will sting when it is injected. The lumbar puncture will cause pressure in the back. Post-procedure CareRest and home care will be needed for at least 24 hours. Medicine will be given to help with any pain. Call Your DoctorCall the doctor if you are not getting better or you have:
If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away. RESOURCES:Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke http://www.ninds.nih.gov CANADIAN RESOURCES:About Kids Health—The Hospital For Sick Children http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca Health Canada https://www.canada.ca References:Glimåker M, Johansson B, et al. Early lumbar puncture in adult bacterial meningitis--rationale for revised guidelines. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;45(9):657-663.
Lumbar puncture (LP). EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at
https://www.dynamed.com/procedure/lumbar-puncture-lp
. Updated March 27, 2019. Accessed April 9, 2020.
Lumbar puncture. Radiological Society of North America Patient website. Available at: https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=spinaltap. Updated April 30, 2018. Accessed April 9, 2020.
Last reviewed February 2021 by
EBSCO Medical Review Board
Rimas Lukas, MD Last Updated: 4/10/2020 | |
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