Psychodynamic therapy is a type of talk therapy that helps people bring their unconscious (hidden) feelings to the surface. This form of therapy can help them understand and eventually manage the unconscious feelings that can influence their daily lives.

This type of therapy is based on the assumption that feelings held in the unconscious mind are often too painful or uncomfortable to be realized. For that reason, people develop defense mechanisms to protect themselves from actually knowing about, dealing with, or confronting these feelings.

Defense mechanisms are patterns of feelings, thoughts, or behaviors that are unconscious. These mechanisms can be either healthy or unhealthy, depending on what they are and how they are used. They are meant to reduce stress, anxiety, and internal conflict—a way to cope with the world.

Common defense mechanisms include:

• Denial—refusing to face or perceive an unpleasant reality
• Projection—attributing one's unacceptable characteristics or motives to others
• Displacement—changing the target of built-up emotions or feelings, often anger, onto those (usually people or animals) who are less threatening
• Rationalization—making up logical explanations to conceal the real motives of one's thoughts or behavior
• Reaction formation—adopting the opposite point of view or acting in a contradictory way than one really feels in an effort to hide from unacceptable emotions or impulses

When these defenses start causing problems in a person's life, it may serve as a trigger to seek help with psychodynamic therapy.

How the Therapy Works

The therapist should have an attitude of unconditional acceptance toward the person. This means that the person is respected as an individual and not judged or criticized, regardless of the problem. As a trusting relationship develops, the therapist uses their knowledge and experience to help the person understand what is going on in the unconscious mind. This process may include:

Benefits and Limitations

Psychodynamic psychotherapy is used to treat a variety of conditions, such as:

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Panic disorder
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Personality disorders

Psychodynamic therapy has been effective in treating some conditions, like depression. However, as with other therapies, this technique does not work for everyone. If you are interested in trying psychodynamic therapy, keep in mind that it will require you to be committed to the process. You will have to actively participate. Your doctor may be able to refer you to a psychologist who specializes in psychodynamic therapy.