Definition

Menopause is when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 1 year. It is called early menopause when it happens before age 40.

Causes

Menopause happens when estrogen and progesterone hormones become lower. The ovaries stop releasing eggs when hormones are too low.

Surgery to remove the uterus or ovaries can also cause menopause. Cancer treatments can also cause it.

Risk Factors

Menopause is a normal part of aging. It is most common in women who are 40 to 58 years of age.

When it happens early, risk factors are:

• Smoking
• Cancer treatments
• Surgery to remove the uterus or ovaries
• Contact with arsenic
• Use of oral birth control
• Low body fat
• Having a mother who was given diethylstilbestrol (DES) when pregnant

Symptoms

There may not be symptoms. Women who do have symptoms may have them in the time leading up to menopause. Problems may be:

• Irregular periods
• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Problems sleeping, such as insomnia
• Vaginal dryness, discharge, itching, and pain with sex

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. The doctor will ask about your periods. This is often enough to make the diagnosis.

A blood test may be done to look for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). High levels of FSH suggest menopause. It can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Menopause is a normal part of life. It does not need treatment.

Hormone changes can cause symptoms. These can be managed with medicine and general care.

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Prevention

Menopause is a normal part of aging that cannot be prevented.