Definition

A shoulder sprain is stretching or tearing of the ligaments of the shoulder. Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that connect bones to each other.

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Causes

Shoulder sprains may be caused by:

• Falling on an outstretched arm
• Forced twisting of the arm
• A blow to the shoulder
• Overuse or repetitive movement of the shoulder

Risk Factors

Here are some factors that may raise your risk:

• Playing sports, such as swimming, volleyball, baseball, gymnastics, and tennis
• Jobs that involve:
  • Repetitive shoulder movements, such as heavy lifting
  • Lifting at or above the height of your shoulder
  • Vibration of the shoulder
  • Unusual posture or movements
• Poor coordination
• Poor balance
• Lack of flexibility and strength in muscles and ligaments
• Loose joints or connective tissue problems

Symptoms

Having this problem may cause:

• Pain and swelling around the shoulder
• Redness, warmth, or bruising around the shoulder
• Problems moving the shoulder and pain with movement

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and how you hurt your shoulder. The stability of your shoulder joint and the severity of the injury will be checked.

Pictures may be taken of your shoulder. This can be done with:

• X-rays
• MRI scan
• Arthrogram

Shoulder sprains are graded from 1 to 3:

• Grade 1—Some stretching with micro-tearing of ligament
• Grade 2—Partial tearing of ligament
• Grade 3—Complete tearing of ligament

Treatment

Treatment includes:

• Wearing a brace or sling
• Exercises advised by your doctor or physical therapist
• Surgery, in some cases

Prevention

You may not be able to prevent a shoulder sprain. There are steps you can take to lower your chance of getting one, such as:

• Wearing protective equipment and using proper technique while playing sports
• Keeping shoulders, back, and chest strong with regular exercise