Definition

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a nervous system disorder that causes motor and vocal tics that a person cannot control. Tics are fast sounds or motions that repeat.

Many people with TS also have related problems, such as:

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Obsessive compulsive disorder
• Problems with impulse control
• Depression

Causes

The exact cause is not known. Certain genes and brain chemicals are thought to play a role.

Genetic Material TS is inherited through genes, which make up DNA. Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Risk Factors

This problem usually starts in children. It is more common in men.

Symptoms

A person with TS has tics that they cannot control. They often happen every day and range from mild to severe. They may happen less when a person is distracted and more during times of stress.

Problems may be:

• Motor tics:
  • Simple—eye blinking, head jerking, arm or shoulder shrugging
  • Complex—jumping, smelling, touching things or other people, twirling around
• Vocal tics:
  • Simple—throat clearing, coughing, sniffing, grunting, yelping, barking
  • Complex—saying words or phrases that do not make sense, saying obscene or socially unacceptable words

Tics may happen throughout life. Symptoms may get better during the late teen years.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. This is often enough to make the diagnosis.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms. A doctor who treats the nervous system can help. Choice are:

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent TS.